The Chemistry of Water

Types of Chemical Bonding Molecules are made of atomic building blocks, and these atoms are bonded into compounds by two main methods, covalent and ionic. In covalent bonding, the atoms share an electron, while in ionic bonding, the compounds stay together in solid form due to their atomic constituents having an electrical charge. An example […]

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The Carbonate System

In natural waters, the carbonate system refers to many factors pertaining to acids and bases, including buffers, total alkalinity, pH and certain metals (especially calcium and magnesium). All of these are interrelated when it comes to water quality. We call this the carbonate system because these acids, bases and other ions originate from carbon dioxide […]

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Water & Gustation

There are fewer compounds affecting gustatory perception than there are aromatic compounds. These sensations are perceived by our taste buds in very different ways. Further, these compounds also interact with the brain at different rates and in different patterns. Early in their training, professional cuppers gain knowledge that some parts of the mouth, palate and […]

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Coffee Acidity

One of the most misused and misunderstood sensory terms in evaluating coffee’s taste is acidity. It is a quantitative term that refers to the relative strength of the acids present in the coffee. And though the terms acidy and acidity are related, the two are not interchangeable. Acid is a chemical compound that contains hydrogen […]

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